Mathematical methods for economic theory

Martin J. Osborne

1.3 Exercises on solving systems of linear equations: matrix inversion and Cramer's rule

  1. Use Cramer's rule to find the values of x and y that solve the following two equations simultaneously.
    3x −  2 y  =  11
    2x +  y  =  12

    Solution

    We have
    x = 
    left parenthesis 11 −2 right parenthesis
    12 1
    /
    left parenthesis 3 −2 right parenthesis
    2 1
     = 5
    and
    y = 
    left parenthesis 3 11 right parenthesis
    2 12
    /
    left parenthesis 3 −2 right parenthesis
    2 1
     = 2.

  2. Solve the two equations in the previous problem by using matrix inversion.

    Solution

    Solution is
    (1/7)
    left parenthesis 1 2 right parenthesis
    −2 3
    left parenthesis 11 right parenthesis
    12
     = 
    left parenthesis 5 right parenthesis
    2

  3. Use Cramer's rule to find the values of x, y, and z that solve the following three equations simultaneously.
    4x + 3 y − 2 z =  7
    x + y =  5
    3x + z  =  4

    Solution

    We have
    x = 
    left parenthesis 7 3 −2 right parenthesis
    5 1 0
    4 0 1
    /
    left parenthesis 4 3 −2 right parenthesis
    1 1 0
    3 0 1
     = 0
    and
    y = 
    left parenthesis 4 7 −2 right parenthesis
    1 5 0
    3 4 1
    /
    left parenthesis 4 3 −2 right parenthesis
    1 1 0
    3 0 1
     = 5
    and
    z = 
    left parenthesis 4 3 7 right parenthesis
    1 1 5
    3 0 4
    /
    left parenthesis 4 3 −2 right parenthesis
    1 1 0
    3 0 1
     = 4

  4. Solve the three equations in the previous problem by using matrix inversion.

    Solution

    Solution is
    (1/7)
    left parenthesis 1 −3 2 right parenthesis
    −1 10 −2
    −3 9 1
    left parenthesis 7 right parenthesis
    5
    4
     = 
    left parenthesis 0 right parenthesis
    5
    4